Africa · Country profile
Obesity in Madagascar
4.5% of adults live with obesity (2024). That ranks 195th highest of 199 countries.
4.5%
of adults live with obesity (2024)
Likely range 3.1%–6.5%
Source: WHO
712 thousand
adults with obesity (estimated number)
WHO rate × UN population
Source: WHO; UN WPP 2024
2.0%
of children & teens (5–19) live with obesity (2024)
Source: WHO
#195
highest adult obesity out of 199 countries
#1 = highest share
Source: WHO
The story of Madagascar in numbers
In 2024, about 4.5% of adults in Madagascar were living with obesity — about 1 in 22 adults, according to World Health Organization estimates (the likely range is 3.1% to 6.5%). That is roughly 712 thousand people aged 18 and over.
That is lower than the world average of 16.2%, and ranks 195th highest out of 199 countries. It is below the average for WHO’s Africa region (12.7%).
Back in 1980, the figure was 0.4%. Since then it has gone up by 4.1 percentage points — about 11.3 times the 1980 level. In people, that is a change from about 17 thousand to 712 thousand adults, partly because the population itself changed.
Men and women are affected about equally: 4.7% of men and 4.4% of women.
Among children and teenagers aged 5 to 19, 2.0% were living with obesity in 2024, compared with 0.2% in 1980 — around 226 thousand young people.
Obesity is not the only weight problem here: 18.4% of adults are underweight (BMI under 18.5). Health experts call this mix the “double burden” of malnutrition.
For context, 8.7% of adults had diabetes in 2022, 13.6% of adults did not get enough physical activity in 2022 and the food supply provided about 1,978 calories per person per day in 2023. These numbers don’t prove what causes obesity, but they help paint the picture.
Madagascar has a national tax on sugar-sweetened drinks, first introduced in 2016, according to the World Bank’s Global SSB Tax Database.
How it changed
Adults with obesity in Madagascar: men, women and the world
What this meansSince 1980, the share of men went from 0.4% to 4.7%, and women from 0.5% to 4.4%.
- Men
- Women
- World
Show the numbers as a table
| Year | Men | Women | World |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 0.4% | 0.5% | 5.4% |
| 1985 | 0.5% | 0.6% | 6.0% |
| 1990 | 0.6% | 0.7% | 6.7% |
| 1995 | 0.8% | 0.9% | 7.6% |
| 2000 | 1.1% | 1.2% | 8.7% |
| 2005 | 1.5% | 1.6% | 10.1% |
| 2010 | 2.0% | 2.1% | 11.5% |
| 2015 | 2.6% | 2.8% | 13.0% |
| 2020 | 3.5% | 3.7% | 14.6% |
| 2024 | 4.7% | 4.4% | 16.2% |
Age-standardized WHO estimates. Shaded bands show the 95% uncertainty range.
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory.
Children & teens (5–19) with obesity in Madagascar
What this meansSince 1980, the share of boys went from 0.3% to 3.2%, and girls from 0.1% to 0.7%.
- Boys
- Girls
BMI-for-age more than 2 standard deviations above the WHO growth reference median.
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory.
Madagascar compared (2024)
What this meansHow Madagascar’s adult obesity rate compares with its region, countries at a similar income level, and the world.
- World16.2%
- Africa (WHO region)12.7%
- Low income countries10.1%
- Madagascar4.5%
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory.
Food supply: calories per person per day in Madagascar
What this meansThe food available per person went from 2,421 calories a day in 1961 to 1,978 in 2023. This counts food available, not food actually eaten.
- Madagascar
- World
Countries ranked nearby
- 192. Rwanda5.6%
- 193. Burundi5.2%
- 194. Cambodia4.9%
- 195. Madagascar4.5%
- 196. Eritrea4.3%
- 197. Timor-Leste3.6%
- 198. Ethiopia2.9%
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